Lokhu okuqukethwe akumele kushicilelwe, kusakazwe, kubhalwe kabusha noma kusatshalaliswe kabusha. © 2024 Fox News Network, LLC. Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe. Izilinganiso ziboniswa ngesikhathi sangempela noma ngokubambezeleka okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Idatha yemakethe inikezwe i-Factset. Idizayinelwe futhi yasetshenziswa yi-FactSet Digital Solutions. Isaziso somthetho. Idatha ye-mutual fund kanye ne-ETF inikezwe i-Refinitiv Lipper.
Umdidiyeli ohlanganyele we-“America’s Newsroom” u-Bill Hemmer usongatha iziqephu ezimbalwa ze-“Meet the Americans…” ku-Fox Nation, okuthathwe ochungechungeni lwedijithali lwe-Fox News oluyimpumelelo.
Washiya ifa lezinto zokungcebeleka ezijatshulelwa izigidi zezigidi zabantu nsuku zonke, ngokuvamile amahora amaningi.
UPauley wayengunjiniyela ozifundisayo waseChicago owasungula isilawuli kude sethelevishini ngo-1955.
Uphupha ngekusasa lapho kungadingeki ukuba sishiye usofa noma sinyakazise umsipha (ngaphandle kweminwe yethu).
Uchungechunge olusha lweFox Nation oluthi “Meet the Americans” lukhuluma ngezindaba zabantu baseMelika abajwayelekile abasinikeze izinto ezintsha ezimangalisayo.
U-Polley wasebenza kwaZenith Electronics iminyaka engu-47, ekhuphuka kusukela kumthengisi ukuya kumsunguli omusha. Wakha amalungelo obunikazi ahlukene angu-18.
U-Eugene Polley wasungula i-Zenith Flash-Matic, isilawuli kude sokuqala se-TV esingenantambo, ngo-1955. Ilawula ishubhu isebenzisa i-beam yokukhanya. (I-Zhenit Electronics)
Ukuqamba kwakhe okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba isilawuli kude sokuqala se-TV esingenantambo, okwaziwa nge-Flash-Matic. Ezinye izisetshenziswa zokulawula zangaphambilini bezixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-TV.
I-Flash-Matic ka-Polly yathatha indawo yobuchwepheshe bethelevishini obulawulwa kude obaziwa ngaleso sikhathi—okwabaneminyaka engu-8 ubudala.
I-Flash-Matic ibukeka njengesibhamu se-ray esivela kunoveli yenganekwane yesayensi. Isebenzisa ugongolo ukulawula ishubhu.
Lolu hlobo lokufukuza kwabantu olushubile, oluvame ukuba yingozi luye lwaba khona kusukela ekuqaleni kwethelevishini, luhamba ngokunganaki, lushintsha iziteshi ngokwezidingo zabantu abadala nezingane zakini ezindala.
“Lapho izingane zishintsha iziteshi, ngokuvamile kufanele zilungise nezindlebe zazo zikanogwaja,” kuncokola uJohn Taylor, iphini likamongameli omkhulu kanye nesazi-mlando eZenith.
Njengezigidi zabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, uTaylor uchithe ubusha bakhe ecindezela izinkinobho mahhala kumabonakude womndeni.
I-Zenith Flash-Matic kwakuyisilawuli kude sokuqala se-TV esingenantambo, esakhululwa ngo-1955 futhi saklanywa ukuthi sifane nesibhamu se-space-age ray. (Gene Pauley Jr.)
I-Zenith yamemezela ekukhululweni kwabezindaba ngoJuni 13, 1955 ukuthi iFlash-Matic inikeza "uhlobo olusha lwethelevishini olumangalisayo."
UZenith uthi umkhiqizo omusha “usebenzisa ukukhanya okuvela emshinini omncane omise okwesibhamu ukuze uvule noma uvale amadivaysi, ushintshe amashaneli, noma uthulise imisindo emide yezentengiso.”
Isitatimende seZenith siyaqhubeka: “Imisebe yemilingo (engenabungozi kubantu) yenza wonke umsebenzi. Azikho izintambo ezilengayo noma izintambo zokuxhuma.”
"Kubantu abaningi, yinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke," umsunguli osethathe umhlalaphansi etshela i-Sports Illustrated ngo-1999.
Namuhla amasu akhe amasha ayabonakala yonke indawo. Abantu abaningi banamarimothi ambalwa we-TV ekhaya, ngisho nangaphezulu emahhovisi abo noma endaweni yabo yokusebenza, futhi mhlawumbe neyodwa kwiSUV yabo.
Kodwa ubani onethonya elikhulu ekuphileni kwethu nsuku zonke? U-Eugene Polley kwadingeka alwele ifa lakhe lapho isikweletu asithola ngokusungula isilawuli kude se-TV siya kuqala kunjiniyela oyimbangi.
Zombili zingabomdabu basePoland. UGene Polley Jr., indodana yomsunguli, utshele iFox Digital News ukuthi uVeronica uphuma emndenini ocebile kodwa washada “nemvu emnyama.”
Umsunguli wokulawula kude kwe-TV u-Eugene Polley nomkakhe uBlanche (Willie) (kwesokunxele) nomama uVeronica. (Ngokuhlonishwa kukaGene Pauley Jr.)
"Wagcina egijimela umbusi wase-Illinois." Waze waqhosha ngokuxhumana kwakhe ne-White House. “Ubaba wahlangana nomongameli esemncane,” kwengeza uJin Jr.
“Ubaba ubegqoka amasekeni. Akekho owayefuna ukumsiza athole imfundo.” - UGene Pauley Jr.
Naphezu kwezifiso zikayise kanye nokuxhumana, izinsiza zezimali zomndeni wakwaPaulie zazilinganiselwe.
“Ubaba ubegqoke izimpahla ezingamasekeni,” kusho uPolly omncane. "Akekho owayefuna ukumsiza ukuthi afunde."
Hlangana nomMelika owasungula ibha yezemidlalo yokuqala yaseMelika e-St. Louis: Umakadebona weMpi Yezwe II uJimmy Palermo
I-Zenith yasungulwa e-Chicago ngo-1921 yiqembu lozakwethu elalihlanganisa nomakadebona weMpi Yezwe I yase-US Navy u-Eugene F. MacDonald, futhi manje isiyingxenye ye-LG Electronics.
Ukuzikhandla kukaPolly, amakhono akhe okuhlela, nekhono elingokwemvelo lokuzilungisa kwakhanga isikhulu sakhe esiphethe.
Ngenkathi i-United States ingena eMpini Yomhlaba Yesibili ngeminyaka yawo-1940, uPolley wayeyingxenye yethimba lobunjiniyela beZenit elakha izinhlelo zezikhali zikaMalume Sam.
U-Polley usize ekwakheni i-radar, izibuko zasebusuku, namafuse e-proximity, esebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukuthungela izinhlamvu ebangeni elinqunywe kusengaphambili ukusuka lapho kuhloswe khona.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, uPolley wasiza ekwakheni i-radar, imishini yokubona ebusuku, nama-proximity fuse—imishini eyayisebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukuze kokhele izinhlamvu.
Ngemuva kwempi isiko labathengi baseMelika laqhuma, futhi iZenith yazithola ihamba phambili emakethe yethelevishini ekhula ngokushesha.
Umkhuzi uMcDonald, nokho, ungomunye walabo abacasulwe isiqalekiso sikamabonakude osakazwayo: amakhefu okuhweba. Wayala ukuthi kwenziwe isilawuli kude ukuze kuthuliswe umsindo phakathi nohlelo. Yebo, umkhuzi wamabutho naye wabona inzuzo engase ibe khona.
U-Polly uklame isistimu ene-TV equkethe ama-photocells amane, elilodwa ekhoneni ngalinye lekhonsoli. Abasebenzisi bangashintsha isithombe nomsindo ngokukhomba i-Flash-Matic kuma-photocell ahambisanayo akhelwe ku-TV.
U-Eugene Polley wasungula ithelevishini yokulawula kude ngo-1955 yeZenith. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi egameni lenkampani futhi wanikezwa ngo-1959. Kuhlanganisa nesistimu ye-photocell ukuthola amasignali ngaphakathi kwekhonsoli. (Ihhovisi le-Patent yase-US kanye ne-Trademark Office)
“Emuva kwesonto, ukhomanda wathi ufuna ukuyifaka emsebenzini. Yayidayisa njengamaqebelengwane ashisayo – abakwazanga ukuhambisana nesidingo.”
"U-Commander MacDonald uwuthande ngempela umqondo we-Polly oboniswe nge-Flash-Matic," kusho uZenith emlandweni wenkampani. Kodwa ngokushesha “waqeqesha onjiniyela ukuba bahlole obunye ubuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo.”
Hlangana nomMelika owasungula amageyimu evidiyo, u-Ralph Bell, umJalimane owabalekela amaNazi futhi wasebenza eButhweni Lezempi lase-US ngeMpi Yezwe II.
Isilawuli kude sika-Polly sinemikhawulo yakho. Ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa i-beam kusho ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-ambient (njengokukhanya kwelanga okuza endlini) kungalimaza i-TV.
Ngemva konyaka i-Flash-Matic ifikile emakethe, i-Zenith yakhipha umkhiqizo omusha, i-Space Command, eyakhiwe unjiniyela nomsunguli ophumelelayo uDkt. Robert Adler. Lokhu wukusuka okukhulu kubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-ultrasound esikhundleni sokukhanya ukulawula amashubhu.
Ngo-1956, i-Zenith yethula isizukulwane esilandelayo sezilawuli kude ze-TV ezibizwa nge-Space Command. Yasungulwa nguDkt Robert Adler. Bekuyi-"clicker" yokuqala yesilawuli kude, esingena esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe besilawuli kude esidalwe unjiniyela weZenith u-Eugene Polley. (I-Zhenit Electronics)
I-Space Command "yakhiwe eduze kwezinduku ze-aluminium ezingasindi okuthi, uma zishaywa ekugcineni, zikhiphe umsindo ohlukile we-high-frequency ... Zisikwa ngokucophelela zibe ubude, okuholela kumafrikhwensi amane ahluke kancane."
Bekuyi-"clicker" yesilawuli kude sokuqala - isando esincane esenza umsindo wokuchofoza lapho sishaywa ekugcineni kwenduku ye-aluminium.
Ngokushesha uDkt. Robert Adler wathatha isikhundla sika-Eugene Polley emehlweni emboni njengomsunguli we-remote control yethelevishini.
I-National Inventors Hall of Fame empeleni incoma u-Adler njengomsunguli wesilawuli kude sethelevishini sokuqala "esisebenzayo". U-Polly akayona ingxenye yeklabhu yabasunguli.
“U-Adler wayenedumela lokudlula abanye onjiniyela beZenith,” kusho uPolley Jr., enezela: “Lokhu kwamcasula kakhulu ubaba.”
U-Polly ungunjiniyela ozifundisa yena yedwa ongenazo iziqu zasekolishi osebenze wakhuphuka ngemuva kwendlu yokugcina impahla.
“Angithandi ukumbiza ngomfana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka,” kusho isazi-mlando seZenit uTaylor. "Kepha ubengunjiniyela wemishini engalungile, e-Chicagoan embi."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2024